ÿþ<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Khorasanzameen , .1'3'F 2EÌF  312EÌF .H14Ì/</TITLE> <META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <META NAME="DESCRIPTION" CONTENT="This website is dedicated to a variety of issues concerning the land of Afghanistan or Khorasan. 'ÌF *'1FE' H̘G Ì ¯A*FÌ G' HF¯A*FÌ G'Ì /1('1G Ì ©4H1 'A:'F3*'F '3*"> <META NAME="KEYWORDS" CONTENT="afghanistan, Khorasan, Khurasan, Tajiks, Afghans, Hazaras, Pashtu, Kabul, Qandahaar, Herat, Badakhshan, Persian poetry, dari language, History of Afghanistan"> <STYLE>BODY {SCROLLBAR-FACE-COLOR: brown; SCROLLBAR-HIGHLIGHT-COLOR: black; SCROLLBAR-3DLIGHT-COLOR: red; SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: wheat; SCROLLBAR-TRACK-COLOR: peru; SCROLLBAR-DARKSHADOW-COLOR: green} A:link {text-decoration:none} A:visited {text-decoration:none} A:hover {background-color:peru;} img {border:none;} </STYLE> <META content="Microsoft FrontPage 6.0" name=GENERATOR></HEAD> <body bgcolor="wheat"> <center> <table border="0" width=980 cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td align="center" height="20" colspan="5" bgcolor="brown" dir="rtl"><b> <font color="white" face="Arial" size=+>&nbsp;<img width=200 height=20 src="images/naam.jpg">&nbsp;</font></td></tr> <tr> <td height="130" colspan="5" align="center" valign="top"> <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0" bgcolor="peru" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" width="38%"><font color="white"><i><font size=+2 face="arial"> <b>Khorasan zameen Old Site<br></font></i><br><font size=+1 face="arial">Till July 2010</font><br><br> <a href="../indexphp.php"><font color="black" size=+1 face="arial">To go to the current site, click here</font></a> <br></i></b></td> <!-- <td height=120 width="24%" align="center"><img height=160 width=256 src="images/parcham.gif"></td> ---> <td align="center"><img src="images/parcham.gif"></td> <td width="38%" align="center" valign="middle"><p><font size=+3 color="white"><b>*'1FE' Ì ~Ì4ÌF .1'3'F 2EÌF </font><br><br><font color="white" size=+1>*' E'G ,H2' (.1/'/) achi</font><br><br> <a href="../indexphp.php"><font color="black" size=+1>(1'Ì ('2¯4* (G *'1FE'Ì ©FHFÌ (G 'ÌF,' '4'1G ©FÌ/</b></font></a></font><br> </td> </tr> </table> </e></td></tr> <tr><td height=1 colspan="5" bgcolor="wheat"></td></tr> <tr><td height=1 colspan="5" bgcolor="wheat"></td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" height="40" colspan="5" bgcolor="brown"> <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr> <td width="50%"> <table height="100%" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td><font face="Tahoma" size=-2><b> <a href="history.html"><font color="yellow">History</a>&nbsp; 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color:#FFFFCC;" href="http://skyreporter.com/blog/page/1/20091210_01/"> <b>Kabul Airport Confirmed as Gateway for Heroin Loot</b> - by Arthur Kent</a></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><img width=95 height=124 src="images/karzais.jpg"><br> <a STYLE="font-size:9pt; color:#FFFFCC;" href="http://skyreporter.com/blog/page/1/20091115_01/"> <b>Karzai showa two faces on crime as his cronies cash in</b> - by Arthur Kent</a></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><img width=95 height=124 src="images/elschenbroich.jpg"><br> <a STYLE="font-size:9pt; color:#FFFFCC;" href="politicse/elschenbroich01e.pdf"> <b>Analysis of the engagements in Afghanistan and Iraq</b><br>by Jürgen Elschenbroich</a></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><img width=95 height=124 src="images/ffta.gif"><br> <a STYLE="font-size:9pt; color:#FFFFCC;" href="politicse/ffta01e.html"> <b>Open Letter from FFTA to His Excellency Barack Obama</b> - by FFTA</a></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><img width=95 height=124 src="images/mqiam.jpg"><br> <a STYLE="font-size:9pt; color:#FFFFCC;" href="http://kabulpress.org/my/spip.php?article3546"> <b>Hold up, boy!<br>Comments on Taliban</b><br>by Massoud Qiam</a></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><img width=95 height=124 src="images/lnazemi.jpg"><br> <a STYLE="font-size:9pt; color:#FFFFCC;" href="rws/Persian_Literature_in_Afghanistan.pdf"> <b>A Look at Persian Literature in Afghanistan</b><br>by Latif Nazemi</a></td></tr> <tr><td height="10" valign="top"><img width=95 height=124 src="images/mahmood-karzai.jpg"><br> <a STYLE="font-size:8pt; color:#FFFFCC;" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/05/world/asia/05karzai.html"> <b>Another Karzai Forges Afghan Business Empire</b><br>JAMES RISEN</a></td></tr> <tr><td height="10" valign="top"><img width=95 height=124 src="images/mawlana.jpg"><br> <a STYLE="font-size:9pt; color:#FFFFCC;" href="farhang/mawlana01e.html"> <b>The Oilman and his Parrot</b><br>Rumi of Khorasan</a></td></tr> <tr><td height="10" valign="top"><img width=95 height=124 src="images/nick_cullather.jpg"><br> <a STYLE="font-size:9pt; color:#FFFFCC;" href="history/n_cullather01.pdf"> <b>From New Deal to New Frontier in Afghanistan</b><br>by Prof. N. Cullather</a></td></tr> <tr><td height="10" valign="top"><img width=145 height=124 src="images/louvre/khurasan5.jpg"><br> <a STYLE="font-size:10pt; color:#FFFFCC;" href="images/louvre/louvre.html"><b>Maps of Khorasan in the <font color=yellow>Louvre Museum</font> of Paris</b></a></td></tr> </table> </font></td> <td width="32%"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" height="100%" width="100%"> <tr> <td valign="top"><font size="-1"><p align="justify"> Hoping for the day that goodness and freedom would lead, and wisdom would light our path towards the "Unknown"... we meditate... <br><br> <b>Dear visitor,</b><br>This website is dedicated to a variety of issues concerning the land of Afghanistan. The reason for choosing the name "Khorasan zameen" for this website is the fact that till the second half of the 19th century, this land, though much vaster than what it is now, was known as KHORASAN, also spelt KHURASAN, meaning "land of the sun(rise)". Before that, according to historians, the term Aughanistan or Afghanistan was used only to address some of the southern and south-eastern provinces, whose main inhabitants were of Pashtun ethnicity. In other words the term Aughan or its Arabic version, Afghan, was basically used to point to our Pashtun brothers, also known as Pathans. It should be mentioned that originally only the Abdali Pashtuns were called Afghan; the Ghilzais were called Khalaj or Khiljis. But with the passage of time, the term Khalaj or Khilji faded and the name Afghan covered all Pashtun citizens of the country. Even today members of other ethnic groups, who make around two thirds of the population, call our Pashtun countrymen Aughan or Afghan. And they address themselves either with their ethnic names (Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek etc), or they call themselves Afghanistani or Khorasani. Occasionally one also hears the terms Aryan and Bactrian here and there. The process of changing the name of Khorasan to Afghanistan, initiated by the English colonialism, began during the rule of Shah Shuja (1839-1842) and became a bitter reality during the rule of Amir Abdurahman (1880-1901). Our people, no matter what ethnicity they belong to, are still struggling with the bitter consequences of that unjustified act. The country we know as Afghanistan today was called Khorasan at least from the 5th century till the second half of the 19th century A.D. and till then its rulers called themselves "Amir of Khorasan". This is reflected in their royal seals and their coins. Surely its borders were dimensioned remarkably wider than what they are today. In the ancient times, this land also bore the names Ariana or Aryana (land of the Aryans) and Bactria  we are perhaps familiar with the term Greeko-Bactrian civilization. Also the devastating civil wars of the last 3 decades ignited by ethnic conflicts, resulting from the unjust and biased ethnic policies enforced by the supremacist and despotic rulers of the last couple of centuries, especially from Amir Abdurahman onwords, certainly proved the fact that the word Aughan or Afghan, in which the name Afghanistan is rooted, not only does not make us a nation but is actually the very obstacle in our way to becoming one. So we chose Khorasan with the hope that in its historical light some day we might become a nation again, and we believe that this is the only way. Because besides its great history, the name Khorasan, unlike the name Afghanistan, does not represent just one group of the people living in it and is not derived from the name of any particular race or ethnic group. Khorasan covers every one; the Tajiks, the Afghans, the Uzbeks, the Hazaras and its other inhabiting ethnicities, just like it did in the past for almost 1500 years. This means they all can identify with the word Khorasani or Khorasanian because of their history. And as we said, due to the last civil/ethnic war, the scars of our wounded country are still bleeding. We need every little thing that could bring the slightest comfort to these wounds and by doing so could bring us together, even if just for one step. So in a situation like this nothing could be better in bringing us together than our own country s great history. In the history section we will provide more detailed information about this issue and other historical issues concerning our country.<br><br> The flag you see above is the first flag of our country with these 3 colours of red, black and green. Its colours and emblem were decided in a grand assembly in 1920's during the rule of king Amanullah Khan. In 1919 the people of Khorasan defeated the invaders and one more time maintained their independence and freedom, and proved to be a nation which rejected to ever be colonised. That is what makes this flag special. One can say that it is the flag of one of the short-lived free and not-dependent governments we have had in the last couple of centuries. Its emblem depicts the high and snow-covered peaks of Hindukhush and also the sun, both of which are symbols of the land of Khorasan.<br><br> The vision of this website is to both gather and give information about our people and our country. Therefore we chose to write it in two languages of Persian and English. That way besides offering some usefulness to our fellow countrymen and other Persian speakers, it would also be of some humble use to others who are interested in our country, culture and people. Depending on their importance and our ability, we would translate some of the essays between these two languages.<br><br> As mentioned above, this site is to bring awareness in, and about, our kept-behind country and nation, even if in a rather small way. So we do hope to have won your slightest interest and appreciation for our humble work. Please do send us your intellectual contribution about the matters of your interest and profession and help us to make this a useful source for the interested, and to interest the uninterested. We thank you in anticipation.<br><br> </p> <p><font color="crimson"> <b>Note:</b><br> - The editors of this website do not necessarily share the opinions expressed in the received articles and will not take any responsibility for them.<br> - Khorasanzameen maintains the right to edit the articles received.</font> </p> </font></td> <tr> </table> </td> <td bgcolor="brown"></td> <td width="32%"> <table border="0"cellpadding="4" height="100%" width="100%"> <tr><td align="right" valign="top" dir=rtl> <p align="right"><font size= face="">(G 'EÌ/ 1H2Ì©G FÌ©Ì H "2'/G ¯Ì ~Ì4¯'E 4HF/  H.1/ †1':/'1 1'GE'F (G 3HÌ "F'~Ì/'" ¯1//... /1 'F/Ì4G 'ÌE...</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size= face=""> <b>.H'FF/G Ì ¯1'EÌ</b> <font color="khaki">'</font><br> 'ÌF *'1FE' H̘G Ì ¯A*FÌ G' HF¯A*FÌ G'Ì /1('1G Ì ©4H1 'A:'F3*'F '3*. 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'3 . "Ì /1 'A:'F3*'F /.'D* EÌ ©F/ †¯HFG EÌ *H'F (G 'ÌF /.'D* ~'Ì'F /'/</b> <br>E-E/ '©1'E 'F/Ì4EF/</td></a></tr> <tr><td align="right" valign="top" dir=rtl><img width=95 height=124 src="images/elaha-sorur.jpg"><br> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt; color:#FFFFCC;"href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pA2vXhdbn_M" target="_blank"> <b>"GF¯ 2Ì('Ì (G "H'2 /DF4ÌF "/.*1 .1'3'F"  'DGG 31H1</b><br></a></td></tr> <tr><td align="right" valign="top" dir=rtl><img width=95 height=124 src="images/bahar-saeed.jpg"><br> <a STYLE="font-size:12pt; color:#FFFFCC;" href="farhang/bahar-saeed.html"><b>†1' «E'» FEÌ 4HÌE</b><br>(G'1 39Ì/ 'D-'F</a></td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr><td hight="3" colspan="5" bgcolor="brown"></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan=5> <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="50%"> <table> <tr> <td width="33%"> <table height="100%"> <tr><td height="10" valign="top"><br><img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/pnaderi.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:10pt;" href="rws/pnaderi01e.html"><b>Literature in the Course of Politics in Afg. </b></a><br>Partaw Naderi</td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br><img align=left width=50 height=80 src="http://static.guim.co.uk/static/76532/networkfront/images/guardian_logo.gif"> <a STYLE="font-size:9pt;" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/jul/10/afghanistan-british-soliders-editorial"> <b>Afghanistan: Led by donkeys</b></a><br>by The Guardian</td></tr> <tr><td height="10" valign="top"><br><img align=left width=50 height=80 src="images/a-cina.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="farhang/a-cina01e.html"><b>Red Desert</b></a><br><br>Assad Cina</td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br><img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/kid.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="http://kabulpress.org/my/spip.php?article3002"> I wish my dad was still alive</a><br><font size=-1>M. F. Khairy</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/arthur_kent.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:7pt;" href="http://skyreporter.com/blog/page/1/20090119_01/"> BUSH ERA HOLDOVERS DARKEN OBAMA S AFGHAN OUTLOOK</a><br><font size=-1>Arthur Kent</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/gb.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="rws/gb02e.html"> Democratic Citizenship</a><br><font size=-1>G. Badakhshani</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/arthur_kent.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="politicse/a_kent01.pdf"> <font size=-1>CASHING IN ON KARZAI & CO.</a><br>Arthur Kent</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/mawlana.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="farhang/mawlana02e.html"> <font size=-1>May it be so</a><br><br>Rumi of Khorasan</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/dsaba.gif"> <a STYLE="font-size:8pt;" href="http://www.mindfully.org/Heritage/Afghanistan-Natural-Heritage1jan01.htm"> Afghanistan's Natural Heritage: Problems and Perspectives </a><br><font size=-1>Daud Saba</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/jsabet.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="http://skyreporter.com/blog/page/1/20090104_01/"> <font size=-2>U.S. OFFICIALS SHIELD ACCUSED KABUL CRONY FROM JUSTICE</a><br>Arthur Kent</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/obama.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:12pt;" href="http://kabulpress.org/my/spip.php?article1560"> <font size=-1>Can Barack Obama read this story?</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/SalimMajnun.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="pers/behzad.html"> <font size=-1>Behzad of Herat</a><br><br>by Taher</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/gb.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="rws\gb01e.pdf"> <font size=-1>Globalization: The end of state Sovereignty?</a><br>G. 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STRAZIUSO</a></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="http://media.economist.com/images/20090411/1509AS3.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13446886"> Afghanistan's new militias<br></a>by The Economist</td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/assem-akram.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:8pt;" href="http://afghanobserver.com/Articles/AssemAkram_Sovereignty.htm"> Reinstating Sovereignty and Public Service in Afghanistan s Government<br></a></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br><img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/poppy.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:10pt;" href="http://kabulpress.org/my/spip.php?article2728"> A detailed history of the Afghan Drug Trade<br></a><font size=-1>by Reid Smith</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="http://media.economist.com/images/20090516/2009AS3.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:10pt;" href="http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13649351"> Why America s commander in Afghanistan was fired<br></a><font size=-1>The Economist</font></td></tr> </table> </td> <td width="33%"> <table height="100%"> <tr><td height="10" valign="top"><br><img align=left width=50 height=80 src="images/rroien.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:10pt;" href="farhang/rroien01e.html"><b>From the Years of Mulberries and Silk </b></a><br><font size=-1>Dr. Raziq Roien</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br><img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/afaiq.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="politicse/afaiq05e.html"> National Identitiy</a><br>A. Faiq</font></td></tr> <tr><td align=left valign="top"><br><img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/kabul-bombing.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:9pt;" href="farhang/sbahar01e.html"><b>Sky Heavy With Worry</b></a><br> Sahar Bahar</td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br><img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/sa-musawi.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:10pt;" href="rws/sa-musawi01e.html">When, Why, and How the Hazaras chose Shi'ism </a><br> <font size=-1>Dr. Musawi</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/csantos.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="politicse/1afe.html"> <font size=-1>Myth of "One Afghanistan"</a><br><br>C. Santos</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/jburke.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/oct/14/pakistan.afghanistan"> <font size=-1>The New Taliban</a><br><br>Jason Burke</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/alalzad.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="rws/alalzad01.pdf"> <font size=-1>An overview of the Global Water Problems and Solutions</a><br>Dr. Lalzad</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/khayam.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="farhang/khayam2.html"> <font size=-1>Life and poems of Omar Khayam</a><br>by Taher</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="farhang/hamid/p1.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="farhang\hamid.html"> <font size=-1>Hamid Omaryar, a talented man of art</a><br><br>Khoarasanz'n</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/haftsin.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="farhang\nawrooz.html"> <font size=-1>Nawrooz</a><br><br>by Taher</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top"><br> <img align="left" width=50 height=80 src="images/samani.jpg"> <a STYLE="font-size:11pt;" href="history/samanid2.html"> <font size=-1>The importance of Samanid State in Islamic civilisation</a><br>A. 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